Reducing geogenic arsenic leaching from excavated sedimentary soil using zero-valent iron amendment followed by dry...

Although the deep-layer sedimentary soils excavated from construction sites contain low level of geogenic arsenic (As), remediation is necessary when the As leachability exceeds the environmental standard (10 μg/L) in Japan. In this study, the zero-valent iron (ZVI) amendment followed by dry magnetic separation (ZVI-DMS) was implemented for the treatment of a geogenic As-contaminated alkaline sedimentary soil (pH 8.9; 7.5 mg/kg of total As; 0.33 mg/kg of water-extractable As). This technology involves pH adjustment (adding H₂SO₄), ZVI addition, water content reduction (adding water adsorbent CaSO₄·0.5H₂O), and dry magnetic separation. The short-term and long-term As leachability before and after treatment was compared using sequential water leaching tests (SWLT). The results illustrated that As could be removed from the bulk soil through the magnetic separation of As-ZVI complexes, although the amount was limited (about 2% of total As). Moreover, immobilization played a dominant role in suppressing As leaching. The H₂SO₄ addition decreased pH to a circumneutral range and thereby suppress As release. The CaSO₄·0.5H₂O addition also contributed to the pH decrease and reduced As leachability. Besides, CaSO₄·0.5H₂O-dissolution released Ca²⁺ that favored As adsorption, and enhanced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) coagulation that decelerated As dissolution. SWLT results indicated that As leachability from remediated soil satisfied the environmental standard (10 μg/L) in both short-term and long-term perspective. However, the secular stability of treated soil deserves more attention due to the easy re-release of As caused by As-bearing framboidal pyrite oxidation. Additionally, during ZVI-DMS process, there is a need to scientifically decide the dosage of ZVI to avoid excessive addition. Our results demonstrated that ZVI-DMS technology could be a promising remediation strategy for geogenic As contaminated sedimentary soils/rocks.