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Published on: August 7, 2017
Immunogenetic predictors of the development of bronchial obstruction during acute bronchitis in infants
Alexandr E Abaturov1, Olena O Rusakova1
1State Institution "Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy Of The Ministry Of Health Of Ukraine", Dnipro, Ukraine.
Insights
Predicting bronchial obstruction in infants with acute bronchitis is possible by measuring specific immune markers. Low levels of NF-κB and IL-12, along with an imbalance in IFN-γ and IL-13, indicate a higher risk.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric immunology
- Molecular genetics
- Respiratory medicine
Background:
- Acute bronchitis in infants can lead to bronchial obstruction, a serious complication.
- Identifying predictive markers for bronchial obstruction is crucial for timely intervention.
- Immune system dysregulation plays a significant role in the inflammatory process of acute bronchitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key immunological and molecular genetic factors predicting bronchial obstruction in infants with acute bronchitis.
- To assess the relationship between specific immune markers and the development of wheezing.
Main Methods:
- Study included 120 infants (6 months to 3 years) diagnosed with acute bronchitis.
- Measured NF-κB expression in lymphocytes via flow cytometry.
- Quantified serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins (IL-4, IL-12, IL-13), and total IgE using ELISA and ECLIA.
Main Results:
- Low lymphocyte NF-κB expression (<49.8%) was associated with a high risk of bronchial obstruction (RR=3.27).
- Specific serum concentrations of IL-12 (41.35-173.06 pg/ml) and IL-13 (4.06-6.71 pg/ml) served as early predictors of wheezing.
- Elevated NF-κB expression (>0.91 Units), IFN-γ (>9.83 pg/ml), IL-12 (>173.06 pg/ml), and IL-13 (>6.71 pg/ml) significantly reduced the probability of wheezing.
Conclusions:
- Development of bronchial obstruction in infants with acute bronchitis is linked to low NF-κB and IL-12 levels.
- An imbalance in IFN-γ and IL-13 production is also associated with increased risk.
- These immune markers can aid in predicting and managing bronchial obstruction in pediatric acute bronchitis.
Objective:
The aim: To determine the most informative immunological and molecular genetic factors which reflect the characteristics of the inflammatory process and make it possible to predict the development of bronchial obstruction during acute bronchitis in infants.
Patients And Methods:
Materials and methods: 120 children aged from 6 months to 3 years old with acute bronchitis were examined. We determined NF-κB expression level in peripheral blood lymphocytes by flow cytometry method, the serum concentrations of interferon-γ, interleukins 4, 12 and 13 by ELISA, total IgE serum level by ECLIA and calculated the relative risk (RR) for each of these parameters.
Results:
Results: The risk of bronchial obstruction development was high when the relative number of lymphocytes expressing NF-κB was under 49.8% (RR=3.27, 95% CI=2.09-4.92). IL-12 serum concentration from 41.35 pg/ml to 173.06 pg/ml (RR=5.35, 95% CI=2.82-9.15) and IL-13 serum concentration from 4.06 pg/ml to 6.71 pg/ml (RR=4.0, 95% CI=2.39-6.41) were early predictors of the appearance of wheezing during the disease. The probability of the development of bronchial obstruction was low when the relative number of lymphocytes expressing NF-κB was above 49.8% (RR=0.40, 95% CI=0.28-0.62). NF-κB expression level above 0.91 Units (RR=0.20, 95% CI=0.11-0.39), serum concentrations of IFN-γ above 9.83 pg/ml (RR=0.50, 95% CI=0.31-0.81), IL-12 above 173.06 pg/ml (RR=0.49, 95% CI=0.30-0.82), IL-13 above 6.71 pg/ml (RR=0.40, 95%CI=0.22-0.72) reduced the probability of the appearance of wheezing significantly.
Conclusion:
Conclusions: The development of bronchial obstruction during acute bronchitis in infants is associated with the relatively low NF-κB and IL-12 levels, imbalance in IFN-γ and IL-13 production.
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