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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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True Stress and True Strain01:28

True Stress and True Strain

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Engineering stress is calculated as the load divided by the original, undeformed cross-sectional area. It approximates a material under load. This approximation is especially relevant post-yield in ductile materials. Though engineering stress-strain diagrams are often used for their convenience and accessibility, they can sometimes fall short in accuracy, particularly when dealing with large strain values.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs
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Understanding Stress-Strain Behavioral Change in Fabrics for Compression Bandaging.

Wan Syazehan Ruznan1,2, Raechel M Laing1, Bronwyn J Lowe1

  • 1University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds
|April 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bandage fabrics show significant stress relaxation within the first 15 minutes of compression, with gradual relaxation continuing for up to 5 days. This suggests compression therapy may need adjustments for optimal lower limb edema management.

Keywords:
bandage treatmentmultiaxial compressionstress-relaxationwoven fabrics

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Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Textile science
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Bandages are crucial for lower limb edema management, often worn for extended periods.
  • Understanding bandage fabric behavior under sustained compression is vital for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stress-relaxation behavior of two bandage fabrics under sustained compression.
  • To determine the time-dependent mechanical properties of bandage materials over five days.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a tensile tester in compression mode with a multiaxial extension laboratory setup.
  • Applied a constant 20% extension to two bandage fabrics for up to 5 days.
  • Analyzed stress-relaxation rates over 24-hour and 5-day periods.

Main Results:

  • Most stress relaxation occurred rapidly within the first 15 minutes.
  • A slower rate of force decrease was observed over the subsequent 12 hours.
  • Gradual relaxation continued for up to 5 days, with minimal change in the final 12 hours.
  • The generalized Maxwell-Wiechert model effectively explains the observed relaxation behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Bandage fabrics exhibit significant and prolonged stress relaxation under compression.
  • Rewrapping bandages after approximately 12 hours could potentially optimize compression therapy for lower limb edema.
  • The study provides insights into the mechanical properties of compression bandages for improved clinical application.