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Related Concept Videos

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Experience and sleep-dependent synaptic plasticity: from structure to activity.

Linlin Sun1, Hang Zhou1, Joseph Cichon2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|April 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep facilitates learning and memory by regulating synaptic plasticity. This review covers how sleep states, gene expression, and neuronal activity refine brain connections, impacting neurological health.

Keywords:
dendritic calcium spikedendritic spinerapid eye movement sleepreplayslow-wave sleepsynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Synaptic Plasticity Research

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity is crucial for learning and memory.
  • Sleep states are increasingly linked to changes in synaptic strength.
  • An emerging view posits that sleep promotes learning by enhancing experience-induced synaptic plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding sleep's role in regulating cortical synaptic plasticity.
  • To outline sleep state signatures and their impact on synaptic regulation.
  • To discuss mechanisms linking sleep activity to synaptic remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of sleep states (e.g., slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, spindles).
  • Analysis of sleep-dependent changes in gene and synaptic protein expression.
  • Examination of synaptic morphology, neuronal activity, and network dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Post-experience sleep potentiates experience-induced synaptic changes.
  • Both synapse strengthening and weakening occur during sleep.
  • Sleep-dependent synaptic plasticity is vital for neuronal circuit refinement.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity, essential for learning and memory consolidation.
  • Sleep-dependent synaptic remodeling contributes to neuronal circuit refinement during development and post-learning.
  • Disruptions in sleep may exacerbate or contribute to neurological diseases.