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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Urbanization and emerging mental health issues.

Antonio Ventriglio1, Julio Torales2, João M Castaldelli-Maia3,4

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

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Summary

Urbanization is increasing mental health issues due to social, economic, and environmental factors. Addressing these urban mental health challenges requires new strategies and improved city planning.

Keywords:
Urbanizationglobalizationhomelessnessmegacitiesmental healthurban designurban mental health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Urban Studies
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Rapid global urbanization leads to increased urban populations.
  • This demographic shift is associated with emerging mental health challenges.
  • Urban environments present unique stressors impacting psychological well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize existing literature on the relationship between urbanization and mental health.
  • To identify key factors through which urbanization influences mental health outcomes.
  • To highlight the need for policy and design interventions in urban mental health care.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative mini-review methodology was employed.
  • Literature search conducted across PubMed and EMBASE databases.
  • 113 selected articles on urban mental health were reviewed and synthesized.

Main Results:

  • Evidence indicates a strong association between urbanization and mental health issues.
  • Higher prevalence of common mental syndromes observed in urban settings.
  • Social disparities, insecurity, pollution, and lack of nature contact are significant contributing factors.

Conclusions:

  • Urbanization significantly impacts mental health via socio-economic and environmental pathways.
  • Policy makers and urban designers must prioritize mental health in city planning.
  • Global strategies are needed to prevent and mitigate mental illness in urban populations.