Mitral valve calcium assessment: An independent predictor of balloon valvuloplasty results

Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) is an effective treatment for patients with mitral valve stenosis. Echocardiographic score (ES) is a useful predictor of outcomes. However, mitral valve calcification (MVC) has been shown to predict immediate results even in patients with otherwise low ES. We sought to evaluate the usefulness of MVC assessment as a predictor of immediate and long-term outcomes after PMV.

PMV was performed in 168 consecutive patients. Clinical and echocardiographic variables were analyzed. Patients were classified into 2 groups: group 1: minimal MVC and group 2: moderate to severe MVC. Primary success was defined as post-PMV mitral valve area (MVA) ≥ 1.5 cm² in the absence of major complications. Restenosis (RE) was defined as a decrease in MVA >50% of initial gain or a final MVA <1.5 cm².

Mean age was 46.5 ± 11 years, and 86.9% (146) were women. Forty-two patients (25%) had mild MVC (group 1), and 75% of the patients had moderate to severe MVC (group 2). Procedural success was achieved in 95.2% and 76.2% for groups 1 and 2, respectively, p = 0.01. MVA after PMV was 1.82 cm² (IQR 25-75 = 1.60-2.00) in group 1 and 1.67 cm² (IQR 25-75 = 1.44-1.97) in group 2, p = 0.02. After 48 months, 28.2% of patients presented RE. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of MVC as an independent predictor of poor immediate results (HR = 0.12, 95% IC 0.03-0.91) and RE (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.02-5.21).

Our study shows that the presence of MVC may predict immediate and long-term outcomes after PMV.