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Updated: Dec 25, 2025
Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
Published on: May 2, 2013
Analyses of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 in High Immunologic-Risk Transplant Patients
M A Carmona-Escamilla1, Miguel Ángel Fonseca-Sánchez2, Jessica-L Prieto Chávez3
1Nephrology Department, Hospital Central Sur Alta Especialidad Picacho Petróleos Mexicanos, Mexico City, Mexico; Human Genetics Department, Hospital General de Mexico Dr Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico; Pathology Department, Hospital General de Mexico Dr Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico; Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Health Research Coordination, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico; Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital of the National Medical Centre, Siglo XXI, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.
Abstract:
Kidney transplant (KT) is the first therapeutic option for most patients with chronic renal failure that requires renal function replacement. The main complication associated with renal graft loss is immune rejection. The T regulatory pathways play a key role in this process, and abnormalities in some of these molecules could participate in the graft rejection. In this paper, our group performed an exploratory analysis of the behavior of the coinducible molecules (CD28, CTLA-4, ICOS, PD-1) in patients with KT rejection and control KT patients without rejection. The Mann-Whitney U test, used for 2 groups, showed significant differences (P = .0005), indicating that PD-1 is underexpressed in patients with allograft rejection. No differences were found in CD28+, regulatory T cells (T reg), CTLA-4, and ICOS, so we are proposing that PD-1 is a key player in the immunotolerance phenomenon and its underexpression participates in the rejection process. More research needs to be performed on this topic.
Insights
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is underexpressed in kidney transplant rejection patients. This suggests PD-1 plays a role in immune tolerance, and its low expression may contribute to graft rejection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Transplantation
Background:
- Kidney transplantation (KT) is a primary treatment for chronic renal failure.
- Immune rejection is a major cause of renal graft loss.
- T regulatory pathways are crucial in immune responses following transplantation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD28, CTLA-4, ICOS, PD-1) in kidney transplant recipients.
- To identify potential biomarkers for allograft rejection.
Main Methods:
- Exploratory analysis of co-inducible molecules in KT patients with and without rejection.
- Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare groups.
Main Results:
- Programmed death-1 (PD-1) was significantly underexpressed in patients experiencing allograft rejection (P = .0005).
- No significant differences were observed in CD28, CTLA-4, ICOS, or regulatory T cells (T reg) between the groups.
Conclusions:
- PD-1 appears to be a key molecule in achieving immunotolerance after kidney transplantation.
- Underexpression of PD-1 may contribute to the process of allograft rejection.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of PD-1 in KT outcomes.
