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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma
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Digital quantitative assessment of PD-L1 using digital spatial profiling.

Swati Gupta1, Jon Zugazagoitia1, Sandra Martinez-Morilla1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology
|April 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital spatial profiling (DSP) offers a new, quantitative method for assessing programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. This technique shows high correlation with current methods and potential for companion diagnostics in immunotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker analysis
  • Immunotherapy
  • Digital pathology

Background:

  • Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an FDA-approved predictive marker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies.
  • Existing PD-L1 IHC assays vary in antibodies and scoring methods, leading to inconsistent results.
  • There is a need for standardized and accurate methods to assess PD-L1 expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate digital spatial profiling (DSP) as an alternative method for PD-L1 assessment.
  • To compare the accuracy and reproducibility of DSP against FDA-approved IHC assays and other quantitative methods.
  • To evaluate the potential of DSP for companion diagnostic testing in immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a standardization tissue microarray (TMA) with 10 isogenic cell lines expressing varying PD-L1 levels.
  • Measured PD-L1 dynamic range using the GeoMx DSP assay on the nCounter platform.
  • Compared DSP results with FDA-approved PD-L1 assays, an LDT assay, and quantitative fluorescence assays.

Main Results:

  • DSP demonstrated a very high correlation with quantitative IHC scoring and quantitative fluorescence assays.
  • High correlation of PD-L1 digital DSP counts was observed between different sections of the same Index TMA.
  • DSP assay reproducibility was independent of slide storage time (up to three weeks) after antibody labeling.

Conclusions:

  • Digital spatial profiling shows significant quantitative potential, comparable to quantitative IHC.
  • DSP can accurately measure PD-L1 protein levels across a dynamic range.
  • DSP technology holds promise as a reliable system for companion diagnostic testing in immune therapy selection.