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Conjugated Proteins

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Characterization of the Protein and Metabolite Corona Acquired by Nanomaterials

Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Characterization of the Protein and Metabolite Corona Acquired by Nanomaterials

Published on: October 27, 2020

Polymeric Nanoparticles with Neglectable Protein Corona.

Irina Alberg¹, Stefan Kramer¹, Meike Schinnerer²

¹Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz, D-55128, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|April 7, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Polymeric nanoparticles, including those in clinical trials, show minimal protein adsorption in blood plasma. This suggests that engineered nanoparticles can avoid forming a protein corona, influencing their fate in the body.

Keywords:

asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation drug delivery micellar structures protein corona

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Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Characterization of the Protein and Metabolite Corona Acquired by Nanomaterials

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Pharmacology

Background:

Nanoparticle-protein interactions are critical, as adsorbed proteins form a 'protein corona' that dictates nanoparticle behavior in vivo.
Understanding and controlling protein corona formation is essential for developing effective nanotherapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the protein affinity of three types of polymeric nanoparticles with varying surface chemistries: poly(N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) (pHPMA), polysarcosine (pSar), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG).
To investigate the potential for protein corona formation on these nanoparticles when incubated in human blood plasma.

Main Methods:

Incubation of nanoparticles in human blood plasma.
Separation of nanoparticles and associated proteins using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4).
Analysis using light scattering, gel electrophoresis, and label-free quantitative proteomics.

Main Results:

No significant changes in nanoparticle size or polydispersity were observed after plasma incubation.
Minor protein amounts were detected in the particle fraction via gel electrophoresis.
Proteomics revealed some protein enrichment, but at concentrations below one protein per particle, indicating most nanoparticles remained protein-free.

Conclusions:

Polymeric nanoparticles, including pHPMA, pSar, and PEG-based systems, can be engineered to minimize or avoid protein corona formation.
This finding has significant implications for the design of nanotherapeutics with predictable in vivo behavior and prolonged circulation times.