Lichens in Genus Parmelia: An Overview and their Application

Area of Science:

• Ethnobotany
• Pharmacology
• Biomonitoring

Background:

• Parmelia, a foliose lichen from the Parmeliaceae family, comprises fungi and algae.
• Commonly known as 'Stone Flower' in India, it grows widely across mountainous regions.
• It is traditionally used for food and possesses various medicinal properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the common names, synonyms, and botanical descriptions of seven Parmelia species.
• To explore the traditional uses and pharmacological activities of Parmelia.
• To highlight the potential of Parmelia's phytoconstituents in therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific databases and traditional texts.
• Compilation of data on Parmelia's taxonomy, ethnobotany, and pharmacology.
• Analysis of chemical constituents and biological activities.

Main Results:

• Parmelia contains unique compounds like evernic and lecanoric acids.
• It exhibits antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities.
• Traditional uses include treating boils, bronchitis, and inflammations.

Conclusions:

• Parmelia species possess significant therapeutic potential due to their diverse chemical constituents.
• Further research is needed to explore the largely untapped medicinal properties of Parmelia.
• Parmelia serves as a valuable bioindicator for air pollution and radiation.