Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

6.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.8K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

4.7K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
4.7K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

6.4K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
6.4K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

1.4K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
1.4K
Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

973
Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...
973
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

2.7K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

People With Adrenal Insufficiency Who Are in Adrenal Crisis Are Frequently Unable to Self-Administer Rescue Injections.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2025
Same author

Pseudo-endocrine Disorders: Recognition, Management, and Action.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2025
Same author

High- and normal-protein diets improve body composition and glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·2023
Same author

Increased Risk of Radioiodine Treatment Failure Associated with Graves Disease Refractory to Methimazole.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2021
Same author

Hypothyroidism.

Annals of internal medicine·2020
Same author

5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone elevations associated with phentermine use.

Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism·2018
Same journal

Correction to I.M. Matters News: Sleep medicine for seniors.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Adverse Events After Same-Day COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Versus Influenza Vaccination Alone : A Target Trial Emulation.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Leveraging Real-World Evidence to Inform Regulatory, Clinical, and Coverage Decisions Related to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Methodological Approaches to Real-World Evidence Generation for Glucagon-like Peptide-1-Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Weekly and Biweekly Treatment With Bofanglutide Versus Semaglutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes : A Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Trial.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Grappling with GLP-1 prescribing.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

965

Hyperthyroidism.

Michael T McDermott1

  • 1University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado (M.T.M.).

Annals of Internal Medicine
|April 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyrotoxicosis means excess thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism involves an overactive thyroid gland, diagnosed via clinical evaluation, labs, and imaging. Treatment varies by cause, including drugs, radioactive iodine, or surgery.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.2K
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

21.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

965
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.2K
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

21.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Thyrotoxicosis refers to elevated thyroid hormone levels.
  • Hyperthyroidism is a subset of thyrotoxicosis caused by an overactive thyroid gland.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate thyrotoxicosis from hyperthyroidism.
  • To outline diagnostic and treatment strategies for thyrotoxicosis and hyperthyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation
  • Laboratory testing (e.g., thyroid hormone levels)
  • Imaging studies

Main Results:

  • Hyperthyroidism includes Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma.
  • Treatment for hyperthyroidism involves antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or thyroidectomy.
  • Other thyrotoxicosis types are managed symptomatically with beta-blockers, often resolving spontaneously.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management of thyrotoxicosis.
  • Treatment selection depends on the underlying cause and severity of thyroid hormone excess.