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A psychophysiological differentiation between hypnotic behaviour and simulation.

J Gruzelier1, J Allison, A Conway

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, U.K.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
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This study differentiated hypnosis from faking using electrodermal activity. Hypnosis facilitated habituation, while simulation showed elevated skin conductance and response rates, distinguishing genuine hypnotic states from simulated ones.

Area of Science:

  • Psychophysiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Differentiating genuine hypnosis from simulated hypnosis is crucial for research and clinical practice.
  • Previous research has explored various psychophysiological markers, but definitive distinctions remain challenging.
  • Electrodermal activity (EDA) offers a potential objective measure for assessing internal states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate psychophysiological differences in electrodermal activity between hypnosis and simulation conditions.
  • To identify specific EDA markers that can reliably distinguish between genuine hypnotic states and feigned hypnosis.
  • To utilize habituation rates and electrodermal responses to auditory stimuli as differentiating factors.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen subjects underwent two experimental sessions monitoring bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Session I involved baseline measurements of habituation to auditory tones, non-specific responses, and skin conductance levels.
  • Session II included a hypnotic induction tape, with participants either genuinely experiencing hypnosis or instructed to simulate it, while auditory stimuli were presented.

    • Main Results:

    • Habituation rates to auditory stimuli were facilitated in the hypnosis condition and retarded in the simulation condition compared to baseline.
    • Simulators exhibited an elevated incidence of non-specific electrodermal responses post-instruction and higher right-hand skin conductance levels.
    • Subjective reports indicated that those in the hypnosis condition generally admitted hearing the tones, unlike most simulators.

    Conclusions:

    • Electrodermal activity, specifically habituation patterns and response characteristics, can differentiate between hypnosis and simulation.
    • Objective psychophysiological measures provide valuable insights into the authenticity of hypnotic states.
    • Findings suggest EDA is a promising tool for distinguishing genuine hypnotic experiences from deliberate deception.