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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

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Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
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The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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Phosphoinositides in Retinal Function and Disease.

Theodore G Wensel1

  • 1Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Cells
|April 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphoinositides are crucial for eukaryotic cell function, impacting membrane properties, protein interactions, and signaling. Research highlights their vital role in retinal health and function, with new technologies offering deeper insights.

Keywords:
membrane traffickingphosphoinositidesretinal lipids

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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives (phosphoinositides) are essential lipids in eukaryotic cells.
  • These molecules regulate membrane physical properties, protein activity, and membrane trafficking.
  • They are precursors to critical second messengers like inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of phosphoinositides in eukaryotic cellular processes.
  • To investigate the significance of phosphoinositide regulatory pathways in the mammalian retina and retinal pigmented epithelium.
  • To understand how emerging technologies enhance the study of phosphoinositides in vertebrate retinal health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on phosphoinositide functions.
  • Analysis of findings from animal models and human diseases linked to phosphoinositide pathway defects.
  • Consideration of advancements in technologies for phosphoinositide localization, measurement, and genetic manipulation.

Main Results:

  • Phosphoinositides are integral to membrane dynamics and cellular signaling.
  • Dysregulation of phosphoinositide pathways is implicated in retinal and retinal pigmented epithelium dysfunction.
  • New technologies are providing unprecedented detail on phosphoinositide involvement in retinal health.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphoinositides are fundamental to cellular architecture and signaling.
  • Their proper regulation is critical for the health and function of the vertebrate retina.
  • Continued technological innovation will further elucidate the complex roles of phosphoinositides in vision science.