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    Prison suicide rates in Nordic countries declined from 2000-2016 but remained higher than the general population. This indicates ongoing excess suicide mortality among incarcerated individuals, necessitating continued attention to prisoner well-being.

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    Area of Science:

    • Criminology
    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Suicide is a significant concern within correctional facilities worldwide.
    • Understanding population-specific suicide risks is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare suicide rates among individuals in prison versus the general population in Nordic countries.
    • To analyze trends in prison suicide rates over a 17-year period (2000-2016).

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized national data on suicide deaths and person-years for both incarcerated and general populations in Nordic countries (2000-2016).
    • Calculated age-standardized rate ratios to compare suicide risks between the two groups.
    • Assessed statistical significance of observed trends.

    Main Results:

    • The overall suicide rate for individuals in prison was 110.1 per 100,000 person-years.
    • A statistically significant decline in prison suicide rates was observed between 2000 and 2016 (p < 0.0001).
    • Age-standardized mortality ratios indicated substantially higher suicide risk for males (7.4) and females (17.8) in prison compared to the general population in Denmark, Iceland, and Norway.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite a decreasing trend, individuals in prison experience excess suicide mortality compared to the general population.
    • The findings highlight the persistent vulnerability of the prison population to suicide.
    • Further targeted interventions are warranted to address suicide prevention in correctional settings.