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Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
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Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.

Victor de Lédinghen1, Alban Villate2, Marie Robin3

  • 1Department of Hepatology and INSERM U1053, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, University Hospital of Bordeaux, avenue Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France.

Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology
|April 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), or veno-occlusive disease, involves liver blood vessel blockage. It is a known complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and various therapies.

Keywords:
Hematopoietic stem cells transplantHepatic Veno-occlusive diseaseSinusoidal obstruction syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), previously veno-occlusive disease, is a liver condition.
  • It involves non-thrombotic obstruction of sinusoids and central veins.
  • SOS can be associated with fibrosis, peliosis, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics and known associations of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS).
  • To review the historical context and common triggers of SOS.
  • To highlight SOS as a significant complication in specific medical contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of documented cases and associated factors of SOS.
  • Analysis of the pathological characteristics defining SOS.
  • Identification of etiological agents and clinical settings linked to SOS.

Main Results:

  • SOS is defined by concentric, non-thrombotic obstruction of hepatic sinusoids and central veins.
  • Historical cases linked SOS to pyrrolizidine alkaloid ingestion.
  • SOS is a recognized complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), chemotherapy, and irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • The precise pathogenesis of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome remains undetermined.
  • Understanding SOS is crucial for managing patients undergoing HSCT and other high-risk therapies.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of SOS.