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Hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): What do we know till now?

Sherief Musa1

  • 1Endemic Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Arab Journal of Gastroenterology : the Official Publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology
|April 8, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can affect the liver and gastrointestinal tract, impacting patient outcomes. This review details these extra-pulmonary manifestations and proposes preventive measures for endoscopy units.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global pandemic.
  • While primarily respiratory, SARS-CoV-2 infection presents with extra-pulmonary manifestations.
  • Hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement are increasingly recognized complications of COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the characteristics and potential mechanisms of liver and gastrointestinal involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To enhance understanding of the full spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations.
  • To propose preventive strategies for endoscopy departments to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on SARS-CoV-2 and gastrointestinal/hepatic manifestations.
  • Analysis of reported clinical characteristics and etiological explanations.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding preventive measures in endoscopic settings.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to diverse hepatic and gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Potential mechanisms include direct viral invasion, immune-mediated injury, and drug toxicity.
  • Pre-existing liver or digestive conditions may worsen COVID-19 prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement are significant extra-pulmonary complications of COVID-19.
  • Understanding these manifestations is crucial for disease management and prognosis.
  • Implementing specific preventive measures in endoscopy is vital to control viral spread.

Keywords:
COVID-19EndoscopyGastrointestinal tractLiverSARS-Cov-2

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