Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

11.5K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
11.5K
Translation01:31

Translation

154.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
154.7K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.3K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.3K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

13.9K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
13.9K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

3.4K
3.4K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

7.7K
7.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distinguishing Th17 cells as a unique subset.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

The Evolving Landscape of JAK-STAT Inhibition in the Treatment of Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same author

Interleukin-12 induces rapid STAT4/DDX5-dependent remodeling of RNA polymerase II occupancy in NK cells.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Asymmetry and redundancy of STAT5 paralogs across CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell differentiation states.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

A PI3Kδ-Foxo1-FasL signaling amplification loop rewires CD4+ T cell signaling and differentiation.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Type I Interferon Signature is Associated With Lung Disease, Drug-Associated Immune Reactions, and Genetic Variation in Interferon-Linked Pathways in Still Disease.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Optineurin restrains IL-17-associated neuroinflammation in trigeminal ganglia to preserve sensory function after ocular HSV-1 infection.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

Crystal structure and immune single-cell atlas provide insights into the functional divergence of type I IFNs in fish.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

Complement C3 deficiency increases the effector and cytotoxic functions of NK cells and suppresses tumor growth.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

Increased Nur77 is disconnected from TCR affinity in insulin-specific Tregs.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

FTR85 negatively regulates type I IFN antiviral signaling pathway by promoting K48-linked polyubiquitination of IRF3.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same journal

An MR1-specific nanobody capable of blocking MR1T cell activation.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

A Method for Screening and Validation of Resistant Mutations Against Kinase Inhibitors
12:40

A Method for Screening and Validation of Resistant Mutations Against Kinase Inhibitors

Published on: December 7, 2014

15.1K

Translating JAKs to Jakinibs.

Massimo Gadina1, Danielle A Chisolm2, Rachael L Philips2

  • 1Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|April 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The discovery of Janus kinases (JAKs) and Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) revolutionized cell signaling. Targeting JAKs is now a reality for treating inflammatory diseases and cancers.

More Related Videos

Scaled-Up Preparation of an Intermediate of Upatinib, ACT051-3
08:36

Scaled-Up Preparation of an Intermediate of Upatinib, ACT051-3

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.4K
Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein
05:48

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein

Published on: March 16, 2022

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

A Method for Screening and Validation of Resistant Mutations Against Kinase Inhibitors
12:40

A Method for Screening and Validation of Resistant Mutations Against Kinase Inhibitors

Published on: December 7, 2014

15.1K
Scaled-Up Preparation of an Intermediate of Upatinib, ACT051-3
08:36

Scaled-Up Preparation of an Intermediate of Upatinib, ACT051-3

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.4K
Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein
05:48

Removal of an Internal Translational Start Site from mRNA While Retaining Expression of the Full-Length Protein

Published on: March 16, 2022

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular signaling pathways
  • Immunology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Discovery of Janus kinases (JAKs) and Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) established a new paradigm in cytokine and interferon signaling.
  • Identification of JAK3 mutations as a cause of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) highlighted their critical role in immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the translation of basic JAK-STAT pathway discoveries into therapeutic strategies.
  • To review the current applications and future directions of targeting JAKs for immune and inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of seminal discoveries in JAK-STAT signaling.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and approved therapies targeting JAKs.
  • Exploration of the process of scientific discovery and translation.

Main Results:

  • Seven JAK inhibitors (jakinibs) are approved for treating arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and myeloproliferative neoplasms.
  • Numerous clinical trials are investigating JAK inhibitors for other conditions.
  • The JAK-STAT pathway's therapeutic targeting has proven successful in various immune and inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the JAK-STAT pathway has successfully translated basic science into effective treatments for immune and inflammatory conditions.
  • Ongoing research is essential to address remaining knowledge gaps and expand therapeutic applications.
  • The JAK-STAT pathway serves as a prime example of successful bench-to-bedside translation in medicine.