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Live Attenuated Cold-Adapted Influenza Vaccines.
1WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|April 8, 2020
Summary
Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) offer broad immunity and easy administration. However, recent performance issues with the H1N1 strain highlight the need for better strain selection to optimize LAIV effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Vaccinology
- Immunology
- Virology
Background:
- Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) provide systemic, mucosal, and cell-mediated immunity, offering broad protection, ease of administration, and high yield.
- LAIVs have been utilized globally, with formulations developed in the United States and Russia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the variable performance of LAIVs, particularly following the inclusion of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain.
- To identify the causes of reduced vaccine effectiveness and the need for improved strain selection in multivalent LAIV formulations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of LAIV performance data, comparing U.S.-backbone LAIV with inactivated influenza vaccines.
- Investigation into the replicative fitness of H1N1pdm09 viruses within LAIV formulations.
- Implementation of assays for selecting optimal vaccine strains.
Main Results:
- The U.S.-backbone LAIV demonstrated variable effectiveness, performing less effectively than inactivated influenza vaccines against the H1N1pdm09 strain.
- Reduced replicative fitness of certain H1N1pdm09 viruses was identified as a likely cause for decreased LAIV efficacy.
Conclusions:
- Careful selection of influenza strains is crucial for developing effective multivalent LAIVs.
- Further research into the determinants of replicative fitness and LAIV effectiveness is essential for public health strategies.
