The role of human cytomegalovirus in atherosclerosis: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Infectious Disease
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease.
• Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is linked to atherosclerosis, particularly in transplant patients.
• Current understanding of HCMV's role in atherogenesis is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted impact of HCMV on various cell types involved in atherosclerosis.
• To elucidate potential molecular mechanisms underlying HCMV-associated atherogenesis.
• To highlight the need for improved understanding for therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing knowledge.
• Analysis of HCMV's influence on vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, macrophages, and T cells.
• Examination of molecular pathways including oxidative stress, ER stress, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and miRNA regulation.

Main Results:

• HCMV affects multiple cell types crucial to cardiovascular health.
• HCMV infection triggers molecular processes implicated in atherosclerosis development.
• Key mechanisms include oxidative stress, ER stress, altered lipid metabolism, and miRNA dysregulation.

Conclusions:

• HCMV plays a significant role in promoting atherosclerosis through diverse cellular and molecular pathways.
• Further research into these mechanisms is essential for developing targeted therapies.
• Understanding HCMV's contribution can lead to better prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.