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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
Published on: April 25, 2020
Heng Deng1, Cheng Zhang, Jheng-Wun Su
1Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA. LinJian@missouri.edu.
Researchers developed bioinspired laser-induced graphene (LIG) structures that mimic plant cellulose fibrils. These aligned LIG structures enable precise control over soft actuator shape changes, leading to programmable soft robots.
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