Gut Microbiome and Osteoporosis.

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Immunology
• Endocrinology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The gut microbiome comprises symbiotic microbes crucial for human health.
• These microbes play roles in physiological and pathological processes, including diseases like osteoporosis.
• Gut microbes impact osteoporosis development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular mechanisms by which gut microbes regulate osteoporosis.
• To explore the clinical applications of gut microbes in improving bone health.
• To summarize current findings on gut microbiota and bone health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on gut microbiome and osteoporosis.
• Analysis of molecular pathways including intestinal barrier function, SCFAs, immunomodulation (Th-17/T-reg balance), and the gut-brain axis (5-HT).
• Examination of how gut microbes affect osteoclast and osteoblast activity.

Main Results:

• Gut microbes influence osteoporosis via intestinal barrier integrity, nutrient absorption (SCFAs), immune cell balance, and the gut-brain axis.
• Gut microbes can enhance bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting osteoblast function.
• Clinical applications include early diagnosis, intervention, and adjuvant therapy for osteoporosis.

Conclusions:

• Gut microbiota significantly impacts osteoporosis through complex molecular mechanisms.
• While therapeutic potential exists, further clinical validation is required.
• Current findings are being translated into clinical practice for osteoporosis management.