Emerging and neglected zoonoses in transplant population

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Transplant Medicine
• One Health

Background:

• Zoonoses are an increasing concern in transplant populations.
• The "One Health" concept underscores the link between human, animal, and environmental health in disease transmission.
• Immunocompromised transplant recipients are vulnerable to severe and atypical zoonotic infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a narrative review of emerging and neglected zoonoses in transplant recipients.
• To summarize the clinical presentations and outcomes of various zoonotic infections in this population.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing and managing zoonotic diseases in transplant care.

Main Methods:

• Narrative literature review.
• Synthesis of published data on zoonotic infections in transplant recipients.
• Analysis of clinical courses and outcomes.

Main Results:

• Atypical and severe courses of arboviral infections (dengue, Zika, West Nile) reported.
• Hepatitis E virus emerging as a significant post-transplant complication.
• Neglected zoonoses like lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and tick-borne diseases present severe risks.
• Increased severity and fatality rates observed for ehrlichiosis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, and rickettsioses.
• Toxoplasmosis and rabies remain relevant zoonotic concerns.

Conclusions:

• Transplant recipients face unique risks from a range of zoonotic pathogens.
• Early recognition and management are crucial for improving outcomes.
• Heightened awareness among transplant professionals is imperative given the rising trends.