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Synemin Redefined: Multiple Binding Partners Results in Multifunctionality.

Mary A Russell1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University at Trumbull, Warren, OH, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|April 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synemin, traditionally viewed as an intermediate filament protein, also regulates signaling pathways and acts as a crosslinker. Its functions are unique, tissue-specific, and linked to heart diseases like dilated cardiomyopathy.

Keywords:
AKAPPKAintermediate filamentsignal transductionsynemin

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Synemin is historically recognized as an intermediate filament protein.
  • Emerging evidence highlights synemin's role in protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathways.
  • Transgenic mouse studies and clinical reports link synemin to various tissue signaling, particularly in the heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a new framework for understanding synemin's functions.
  • To discuss synemin's tissue distribution, binding partners, and involvement in disease.
  • To differentiate between alpha- and beta-synemin functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on synemin.
  • Analysis of transgenic mouse models.
  • Examination of clinical reports on synemin mutations.

Main Results:

  • Synemin functions beyond intermediate filaments, acting as a signaling pathway regulator and crosslinker.
  • Synemin mutations are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and ulnar-mammary-like syndrome with left ventricular tachycardia.
  • Synemin's functions are isoform-, developmental-, and tissue-specific.

Conclusions:

  • Synemin is a unique protein with dual roles as an intermediate filament protein and a signaling regulator.
  • Synemin's diverse functions are critical for cardiovascular health.
  • Further research into synemin's specific roles is warranted for understanding and treating related diseases.