Compact Method for Proton Range Verification Based on Coaxial Prompt Gamma-Ray Monitoring: a Theoretical Study.

Area of Science:

• Medical Physics
• Radiation Oncology
• Nuclear Instrumentation

Background:

• Proton therapy precision is limited by range uncertainties.
• Prompt gamma-ray imaging offers real-time range verification but current methods are bulky.
• There is a need for compact, cost-effective in vivo range verification techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a novel, compact method for real-time proton range verification using prompt gamma-rays.
• To establish the theoretical basis and experimental requirements for this new technique.
• To assess the feasibility of achieving 1 mm precision in clinical proton therapy.

Main Methods:

• A single scintillation detector positioned coaxially behind the patient monitors prompt gamma-rays.
• Proton range deviations are inferred from detected gamma-ray counts per incident proton.
• Theoretical modeling and identification of requirements for a proof-of-principle experiment.

Main Results:

• A theoretical framework for prompt gamma-ray monitoring is formulated.
• Requirements for a proof-of-principle experiment are identified.
• The method aims for 1 mm precision, <$25,000 cost, and <10 kg weight.

Conclusions:

• This compact prompt gamma-ray method offers a promising approach for in vivo proton range verification.
• The technique has the potential to improve proton therapy quality and accessibility.
• Further development and clinical validation are necessary to overcome potential obstacles.