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Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Paediatric Anaesthesia

Ivan Urits1, Vwaire Orhurhu1, Mark R Jones1

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation
|April 8, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children involves managing pain with non-opioids and using intravenous anesthesia. Prophylactic medications like corticosteroids and 5HT3 antagonists can significantly reduce PONV occurrence.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complication in pediatric anesthesia, leading to significant patient morbidity.
  • Identified risk factors for pediatric PONV include elevated postoperative pain scores, opioid use, and volatile anesthetic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the prevention and treatment of PONV in pediatric patients.
  • To provide comprehensive information on risk factors, common pharmacotherapies, and guidelines for PONV management in children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of the PubMed database for clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding risk factors, prophylactic pharmacotherapy, and treatment strategies for pediatric PONV.

Main Results:

  • Risk factors for PONV in children include pain, opioids, and volatile anesthetics.
  • Multimodal non-opioid analgesia, total intravenous anesthesia, and prophylactic pharmacotherapy (corticosteroids, 5HT3 antagonists, anticholinergics) can mitigate PONV risk.
  • Clinical application of findings can reduce PONV incidence in pediatric patients.

Conclusions:

  • While complete avoidance of PONV is challenging, risk can be substantially reduced through strategic anesthetic and analgesic choices.
  • Prophylactic pharmacotherapy with specific drug classes is a key component in managing pediatric PONV.
  • Updated information on risk factors and management guidelines aids clinicians in reducing PONV occurrence in children.

Keywords:
Anaesthesiaguidelines for prophylaxis and treatmentpostoperative nausea and vomitingrisk factors

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