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Related Concept Videos

Coulometry: Overview01:00

Coulometry: Overview

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Coulometry is one of the rapid, most accurate, and precise analytical techniques that determine the quantity of an analyte by measuring the electrical charge needed for its complete electrolysis without using any analytical standards. The total charge passed during electrolysis correlates with the analyte amount by Faraday's laws of electrolysis. For accurate coulometric measurements, a charge equal to Faraday's constant multiplied by the number of electrons involved in the relevant...
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration01:18

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Coulometric Titration

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Coulometric titrations are a form of titrimetric analysis where the reagent is generated electrically, and its amount is evaluated based on current and generating time. The electron serves as the standard reagent. The procedure is similar to conventional titrations, such as endpoint detection.
The fundamental requirements for coulometric titrations are (1) 100% efficiency in the reagent-generating electrode reaction and (2) a stoichiometric and preferably rapid reaction between the generated...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

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Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as...
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Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)01:12

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

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Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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Paper-based platforms with coulometric readout for ascorbic acid determination in fruit juices.

Estefanía Nunez-Bajo1, M Teresa Fernández-Abedul

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A new calibration-free method uses paper-based electrochemical devices for fast, low-cost ascorbic acid detection. This technique is accurate and precise for quality control in fruit juices.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Growing demand for simple, fast, sustainable, and low-cost analytical methods on paper platforms.
  • Need for sensitive detection strategies compatible with paper-based electrochemical devices.
  • Ascorbic acid analysis is crucial for quality control in food and beverages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a calibration-free coulometric method for ascorbic acid determination using paper-based electrochemical devices.
  • To develop a fast, low-cost, and sustainable analytical methodology suitable for point-of-care applications.
  • To validate the method's accuracy, precision, and applicability in real-world samples like fruit juices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of paper-based working electrodes by depositing carbon ink on a hydrophilic area masked by hydrophobic wax.
  • Utilization of reusable gold-plated connector headers for potentiostat connection, reference, and counter electrodes.
  • Application of controlled-potential coulometry at +0.6 V for 50 s, with charge calculation via chronoamperogram area and Faraday's law.

Main Results:

  • Successful determination of ascorbic acid with a limit of detection of 40 μM.
  • Direct determination of ascorbic acid in diluted commercial fruit juice samples.
  • Absence of matrix effects observed, confirmed by enzymatic treatment with cucumber ascorbate oxidase.
  • Demonstrated good accuracy and precision, suitable for quality control applications.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed calibration-free coulometric method is a fast, low-cost, and accurate approach for ascorbic acid analysis on paper devices.
  • This methodology overcomes limitations of traditional methods by eliminating the need for calibration standards and reducing ink waste.
  • Coulometric readout is presented as an underexploited, viable transduction principle for advanced paper-based analytical devices.