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A Novel Tool for the Early Identification of Frailty in Elderly People: The Application in Primary Care Settings
M Maggio1, M Barbolini, Y Longobucco
1Marcello Maggio, Universita degli Studi di Parma Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Parma, Parma, Italy, marcellogiuseppe.maggio@unipr.it.
Background:
Frailty is a pre-disability condition in older persons providing a challenge to Health-Care Systems. Systematic reviews highlight the absence of a gold-standard for its identification. However, an approach based on initial screening by the General Practitioner (GP) seems particularly useful. On these premises, a 9-item Sunfrail Checklist (SC), was developed by a multidisciplinary group, in the context of European Sunfrail Project, and tested in the Community.
Objectives:
- to measure the concordance between the judgments of frailty (criterion-validity): the one formulated by the GP, using the SC, and the one subsequently expressed by a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Team (CGA-Team); - to determine the construct-validity through the correspondence between some checklist items related to the 3 domains (physical, cognitive and social) and the three tools used by the CGA-Team; - to measure the instrument's performance in terms of positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).
Design:
Cross-sectional study, with a final sample-size of 95 subjects.
Setting:
Two Community-Health Centers of Parma, Italy.
Participants:
Subjects aged 75 years old or more, with no disability and living in the community.
Measurements:
We compared the screening capacity of the GP using the SC to that one of CGA-Team based on three tests: 4-meter Gait-Speed, Mini-Mental State Examination and Loneliness Scale.
Results:
95 subjects (51 women), with a mean age of 81±4 years were enrolled. According to GPs 34 subjects were frail; the CGA-Team expressed a frailty judgment on 26 subjects. The criterion-validity presented a Cohen's k of 0.353. Construct-validity was also low, with a maximum contingency-coefficient of 0.19. The analysis showed a PPV of 58.1% and a NPV equal to 84.6%.
Conclusions:
Our data showed a low agreement between the judgements of GP performed by SC and CGA-Team. However, the good NPV suggests the applicability of SC for screening activities in primary-care.
