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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Pharmacovigilance01:19

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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers01:13

Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers

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Body:In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...
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Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Protective effect and molecular mechanisms of human non-neutralizing cross-reactive spike antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.

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Heterologous Ad26/Ad5 adenovirus-vectored vaccines elicited SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses with potent Fc activities.

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Protocol for Recombinant RBD-based SARS Vaccines: Protein Preparation, Animal Vaccination and Neutralization Detection
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report.

Fatima Amanat1, Florian Krammer2

  • 1Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Immunity
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This review discusses interventions for SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, focusing on vaccine development. While vaccines may not stop the initial pandemic wave, they are crucial for long-term control.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019, causing the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • The pandemic has resulted in significant global morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for SARS-CoV-2.
  • To highlight vaccine development and its associated challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and discussion of existing data on SARS-CoV-2 interventions.
  • Analysis of vaccine development timelines and potential impact.

Main Results:

  • Rapid vaccine development is underway but may not impact the initial pandemic wave.
  • Lessons learned from SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development are critical for future emerging viruses.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccines are essential for reducing long-term morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2.
  • Proactive strategies and research are vital for managing future viral outbreaks.