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Related Experiment Videos

Heart: excitation-contraction coupling.

H A Fozzard

    Annual Review of Physiology
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Excitation-contraction coupling in heart muscle is advancing with new techniques like voltage clamp and cell skinning. Key discoveries include the Na:Ca exchange pump and length-dependent calcium release, crucial for understanding heart function and digitalis action.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Cell Physiology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Advancements in voltage clamp techniques and cardiac cell skinning have significantly improved the study of excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling.
    • New concepts such as the Na:Ca exchange pump, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium storage regulation, and length-dependent calcium release are central to current research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent progress and ongoing investigations into the mechanisms of E-C coupling in heart muscle.
    • To highlight the transfer of knowledge from skeletal muscle to cardiac muscle and the broader implications in non-muscle cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing voltage clamp techniques for reliable measurements.
    • Employing "skinned" cardiac cell preparations for direct studies of calcium release from the SR.

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  • Investigating the Na:Ca exchange mechanism's role in intracellular calcium regulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Established the existence and importance of a calcium-permeable membrane channel regulated by electric fields.
    • Demonstrated the length-dependence of calcium release using skinned cardiac cells.
    • Identified the Na:Ca exchange mechanism as a key factor in regulating intracellular calcium stores and potentially digitalis action.

    Conclusions:

    • E-C coupling mechanisms are fundamental to various cellular functions beyond muscle contraction, including cell growth and excitation-secretion.
    • While significant progress has been made, uncertainties remain regarding the precise relationship between calcium currents and contraction.
    • Future research directions include monitoring organelle membrane potentials and direct measurement of sarcoplasmic calcium transients, promising exciting developments in the field.