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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

$Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing$

Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing

Published on: April 25, 2019

Sensitive linear optical sampling system with femtosecond precision.

Qiming Lu¹, Qi Shen¹, Jianyu Guan¹

¹Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|April 9, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new linear optical sampling (LOS) system achieves femtosecond precision for time-frequency transfer. Optimization of optical and electronic factors led to minimal timing jitter and high sensitivity in free-space applications.

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Area of Science:

Optical physics
Metrology
Precision measurement

Background:

Accurate time-frequency transfer is crucial for advanced scientific and technological applications.
Existing linear optical sampling (LOS) systems require further optimization for enhanced precision and sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To implement and optimize a sensitive linear optical sampling (LOS) system for free-space time-frequency transfer.
To quantitatively investigate the impact of various optical and electronic factors on the timing jitter and sensitivity of the LOS system.

Main Methods:

Utilized femtosecond optical frequency combs for experimental optimization.
Systematically studied the effects of received signal light intensity, repetition frequency difference, analog-to-digital converter resolution, and balanced detector gain.
Implemented a linear optical sampling (LOS) system with femtosecond precision.

Main Results:

Achieved a minimum timing jitter of 2.06 fs at a received signal light power of 1 μW.
Demonstrated a sensitivity of 3.03 nW using a balanced detector with 160 K gain.
Quantitatively identified key factors influencing LOS performance.

Conclusions:

The implemented LOS system demonstrates high precision and sensitivity for free-space time-frequency transfer.
Experimental optimization of optical and electronic parameters is critical for minimizing timing jitter and maximizing sensitivity.
The findings provide a pathway for developing more robust and accurate optical sampling systems.