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Cellular uptake and gene delivery using layered double hydroxide nanoparticles.

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Small, 20 nm layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles are effectively taken up by mouse motor neurons (NSC 34) and can deliver DNA. Larger LDH nanoparticles remain in the cytoplasm.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are nanomaterials with potential biomedical applications.
  • Understanding nanoparticle cellular uptake is crucial for developing targeted drug delivery systems.
  • Mouse motor neuron (NSC 34) cell line serves as a model for neuronal studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular uptake of LDH nanoparticles in NSC 34 cells.
  • To determine the influence of LDH nanoparticle size, concentration, and incubation time on uptake.
  • To evaluate the potential of LDH nanoparticles for gene transfection.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling of LDH nanoparticles for tracking.
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for cellular localization.
  • Cell proliferation and viability assays to assess cytotoxicity.
  • DNA plasmid (pEGFP-N1) transfection using modified LDH nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Cellular uptake of LDH nanoparticles increased with higher concentrations and longer incubation times.
  • 20 nm LDH nanoparticles were found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.
  • LDH nanoparticles larger than 20 nm were confined to the cytoplasm.
  • Minimal cytotoxicity was observed for 20 nm LDH nanoparticles below 200 μg/mL.
  • DNA-modified 20 nm LDH nanoparticles successfully transfected the pEGFP-N1 plasmid into NSC 34 cells.

Conclusions:

  • 20 nm LDH nanoparticles exhibit efficient cellular uptake and nuclear localization in NSC 34 cells.
  • LDH nanoparticles demonstrate low cytotoxicity and potential as non-viral gene vectors.
  • Size-dependent cellular localization and transfection capabilities of LDH nanoparticles were confirmed.