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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • K. S. Suslick pioneered high-intensity ultrasound for creating proteinaceous microcapsules in the early 1990s.
  • The technique has since been expanded to utilize various materials beyond proteins, including polymers and biomolecules.
  • Further development focused on encapsulating diverse substances like drugs, dyes, and magnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review materials encapsulated using high-intensity ultrasound.
  • To discuss encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics, bioactivity, and applications of these micro- and nanocapsules.

Main Methods:

  • High-intensity ultrasound is employed to generate aqueous suspensions of micro- and nanocapsules.
  • The method accommodates a wide range of core materials and shell compositions.
  • Characterization includes assessment of encapsulated content, release profiles, and bioactivity.

Main Results:

  • Successful encapsulation of water-insoluble liquids, drugs, dyes, magnetic materials, and biomolecules (starch, chitosan, DNA, RNA, PEG) into micro- and nanospheres.
  • Demonstrated control over encapsulation efficiency and substance release rates.
  • Exploration of bioactivity and diverse application potentials.

Conclusions:

  • High-intensity ultrasound is a versatile and effective method for micro- and nanocapsule fabrication.
  • The technique allows for the encapsulation of a broad spectrum of materials with tunable properties.
  • Encapsulated materials show promise for various applications in medicine, industry, and research.