Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

6.0K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
6.0K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

5.2K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.2K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.8K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.8K
Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

8.0K
The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
8.0K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

4.5K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
4.5K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

4.6K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preparedness of pediatric residents for fellowship: a survey of US neonatal-perinatal fellowship program directors.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2016
Same author

Creation of hydrophilic nitric oxide releasing polymers via plasma surface modification.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2014
Same author

Religious institutions and the prevention of mental illness.

Journal of religion and health·2013
Same author

Transport limitations of nitric oxide inhibition of platelet aggregation under flow.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2013
Same author

Overdominant lethals as part of the conifer embryo lethal system.

Heredity·2003
Same author

Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by CP-358,774, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase.

Cancer research·1997

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

4.6K

Biodegradable citrate-based polyesters with S-nitrosothiol functional groups for nitric oxide release.

J P Yapor1, A Lutzke, A Pegalajar-Jurado

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Melissa.Reynolds@colostate.edu.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed biodegradable polyesters that release nitric oxide (NO) to improve biomedical device performance. These NO-releasing materials show potential for enhanced therapeutic applications and reduced foreign body response.

More Related Videos

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

18.4K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

4.6K
Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

18.4K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is crucial for physiological processes, including vasodilation and immune response.
  • NO can mitigate the foreign body response, a common cause of biomedical device failure.
  • The short half-life of exogenous NO limits its therapeutic use, necessitating localized delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel biodegradable nitric oxide-releasing polyesters.
  • To evaluate the NO loading capacity and release kinetics of these polyesters under physiological conditions.
  • To assess the biocompatibility of the developed materials for potential biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Biodegradable polyesters were synthesized using citric acid, maleic acid, and 1,8-octanediol.
  • Nitric oxide donor groups (S-nitrosothiol) were incorporated via cysteamine and ethyl cysteinate conjugation.
  • NO release was quantified using chemiluminescence, and cell viability was assessed with human dermal fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • Polyesters demonstrated significant NO loading, with poly(citric-co-maleic acid-co-1,8-octanediol)-cysteamine showing 0.45 ± 0.07 mol NO g⁻¹ and the ethyl cysteinate analog showing 0.16 ± 0.04 mol NO g⁻¹.
  • Continuous NO release was observed for at least 6 days (cysteamine) and 4 days (ethyl cysteinate) under physiological conditions.
  • Cell viability assays indicated no cytotoxic levels of leachates, suggesting good biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable citrate-based polyesters capable of sustained nitric oxide release were successfully developed.
  • These materials offer a promising localized NO delivery strategy for biomedical applications.
  • The absence of cytotoxic leachates supports their potential suitability for implantation and therapeutic use.