Functional nanostructures for enzyme based biosensors: properties, fabrication and applications

Area of Science:

• Nanobiotechnology
• Biosensor Technology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Nanobiotechnology solutions are increasingly used in diagnostics, therapeutics, and environmental monitoring.
• There is a growing demand for cost-effective, large-scale manufacturing of functional nanostructures for practical devices.
• Field-portable monitoring devices are gaining significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the fabrication, characterization, and performance of portable and printable enzyme biosensors.
• To review the role of nanoparticle properties in enhancing biosensor performance and field operability.
• To discuss large-scale fabrication techniques for enzyme-nanoparticle conjugates.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication and characterization of enzyme-nanoparticle conjugates for biosensors.
• Review of nanoparticle physicochemical and surface properties influencing biosensor design.
• Overview of printing techniques (screen-printing, inkjet, 3D printing) for large-scale fabrication.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated portable and printable enzyme biosensors based on functional enzyme-nanoparticle conjugates.
• Highlighted the importance of nanoparticle properties for enhanced biosensor performance, stability, and field operability.
• Discussed scalable manufacturing methods for integration into flexible, wearable devices.

Conclusions:

• Enzyme-nanoparticle conjugates enable the development of high-performance, portable biosensors.
• Printing technologies facilitate low-cost, large-scale production for point-of-use devices.
• These biosensors have potential applications in clinical, environmental, public safety, and food monitoring.