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A multicoloured Au NCs based cross-reactive sensor array for discrimination of multiple proteins.

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This study presents a novel fluorescent sensor array using gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) for early cancer detection. The sensor array effectively distinguishes multiple proteins in complex samples like urine and serum, showing promise for biomedical diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Diagnostics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Early cancer diagnosis is crucial for patient prognosis and treatment effectiveness.
  • Developing sensitive and specific diagnostic tools remains a significant challenge in oncology.
  • Protein biomarker detection is key for identifying various cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cross-reactive sensor array for discriminating multiple proteins using fluorescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs).
  • To assess the sensor array's sensitivity, reproducibility, and applicability in complex biological samples.
  • To evaluate the potential of the developed sensor for differentiating cancer patient serum samples.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a sensor array comprising six types of fluorescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs).
  • Utilizing diverse fluorescence intensity response patterns for protein identification.
  • Applying linear discrimination analysis (LDA) for data processing and pattern recognition.
  • Employing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to investigate the interaction mechanisms between Au NCs and proteins.

Main Results:

  • Successful identification of proteins at nanomolar concentrations with high sensitivity and reproducibility.
  • Demonstrated effective discrimination of multiple proteins even in the presence of human urine.
  • Achieved significant differentiation between serum samples from breast cancer patients, rectal cancer patients, and healthy individuals.
  • Identified hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces as primary interaction mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fluorescent Au NCs sensor array offers an accessible and powerful platform for protein discrimination.
  • The sensor exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, suitable for complex biological matrices.
  • This technology holds substantial potential for early and accurate biomedical diagnostics, particularly in cancer detection.