Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

3.2K
The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stimuli-responsive protein-based films for postharvest preservation of fruits and vegetables.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Black cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i>) oleosome as a natural delivery system for curcumin: characterization, preparation, and <i>in vitro</i> digestive behavior.

Frontiers in nutrition·2026
Same author

Dual-atom Rh-Co catalysts for synergistically boosting nitrile hydrogenation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Natural Oleosomes from Nuts and Seeds: Structural Function and Potential for Pharmaceutical Applications.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Development of a Raft-Forming System Using <i>Plantago major</i> Mucilage as a Natural Polymer for Sustained Gastric Release of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. Phenolic Extract.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Optical Signatures of -1/3 Fractional Quantum Anomalous Hall State in Twisted MoTe_{2}.

Physical review letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery
11:06

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Published on: November 14, 2015

9.2K

Reversible bidirectional bending of hydrogel-based bilayer actuators.

Xue Li1, Xiangbin Cai, Yongfeng Gao

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. michael.serpe@ualberta.ca.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New hydrogel actuators bend in response to temperature and pH. These poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) bilayers offer tunable bending for biomedical applications like drug delivery.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers
07:09

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Published on: August 17, 2018

9.5K
Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
10:32

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Published on: February 1, 2016

34.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery
11:06

Design and Fabrication of an Elastomeric Unit for Soft Modular Robots in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Published on: November 14, 2015

9.2K
Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers
07:09

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Published on: August 17, 2018

9.5K
Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
10:32

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

Published on: February 1, 2016

34.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive hydrogels offer potential for advanced material applications.
  • Semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) provide tunable material properties.
  • Bidirectional bending actuators are desirable for micro-devices and biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize novel temperature and pH-responsive bilayer actuators.
  • To investigate the unique bending behavior of these semi-IPN hydrogel bilayers.
  • To explore potential biomedical applications, including gripping and controlled delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm)-based semi-IPN hydrogels on gold-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
  • Incorporation of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (pDADMAC) into the hydrogel matrix.
  • Evaluation of bilayer bending response to varying temperature and pH conditions.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated bilayers exhibited unique bidirectional bending in response to temperature and pH changes.
  • The bending behavior was attributed to the modulation of the hydrogel solvation state.
  • The direction and degree of bending could be precisely controlled by adjusting the hydrogel composition.
  • The bilayers demonstrated utility as stimulus-induced grippers and for controlled small molecule delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature and pH-responsive semi-IPN hydrogel bilayers display tunable bidirectional bending.
  • These actuators offer a novel platform for stimuli-responsive devices.
  • The developed materials show significant promise for diverse biomedical applications, including targeted drug delivery and micro-manipulation.