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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release
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Microwave-responsive polymeric core-shell microcarriers for high-efficiency controlled drug release.

Ye Shi1, Chongbo Ma, Yan Du

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA. ghyu@austin.utexas.edu.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel microwave-sensitive polymeric microcarriers for efficient, targeted drug delivery. These particles use microwave energy for precise, on-demand release of therapeutics like folic acid and etoposide.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • High-efficiency, targeted drug release systems are crucial in medicine.
  • Microwave irradiation offers noninvasive, efficient deep-tissue drug release triggering.
  • A need exists for drug carriers that actively respond to microwave signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a novel microwave-sensitive polymeric microcarrier for controlled drug release.
  • To demonstrate the system's ability to actively control drug release upon microwave irradiation.
  • To establish the microcarrier as a general platform for efficient, triggered drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of core-shell structured microparticles using poly(p-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) as the core and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as the shell.
  • Utilizing the PpPD core's microwave absorption to generate thermal energy and heat the PNIPAM shell.
  • Loading and controlled release studies using model drugs (folic acid and etoposide) triggered by microwave irradiation.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of PpPD/PNIPAM core-shell microcarriers.
  • Demonstrated efficient conversion of microwave energy to thermal energy by the PpPD core.
  • Observed triggered burst release of encapsulated drugs (folic acid, etoposide) from the PNIPAM shell upon heating.
  • Confirmed the system's general applicability as a drug carrier for microwave-triggered release.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PpPD/PNIPAM core-shell microcarriers represent a novel system for microwave-triggered controlled drug release.
  • This system offers high efficiency and active control, addressing a key need in external triggerable drug delivery.
  • The microcarrier platform shows promise as a versatile tool for targeted therapeutic applications using microwave technology.