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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

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Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
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Antiphospholipid syndrome: a clinical perspective.

Yu Zuo1, Hui Shi1,2, Chun Li3

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Chinese Medical Journal
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
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Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) management requires personalized risk assessment for thrombosis prophylaxis. Warfarin is preferred for secondary prevention in venous APS, while direct oral anticoagulants are generally avoided, especially with arterial disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Hematology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a complex thromboinflammatory disorder with diverse clinical presentations.
  • Current management strategies for APS require individualized approaches to thrombosis prophylaxis and obstetric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) management.
  • To emphasize personalized risk stratification for thrombosis prophylaxis and obstetric care in APS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) management strategies.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding anticoagulant therapies, including vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants.
  • Consideration of obstetric management protocols and emerging insights into APS pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Moderate-intensity vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin) are the primary choice for secondary thrombosis prophylaxis in APS, particularly for venous disease.
  • Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) should generally be avoided in APS patients, especially those with a history of arterial events.
  • Obstetric management in APS should be individualized based on antibody profile, obstetric, and thrombotic history.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized therapy, tailored to individual thrombosis and obstetric risk, is crucial for managing antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
  • Emerging research highlights the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in APS pathogenesis, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets.