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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

47.8K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Processing of Olfactory and Spatial Information by Brain with Real-Time Behavioral Analysis
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Author Spotlight: Understanding Processing of Olfactory and Spatial Information by Brain with Real-Time Behavioral Analysis

Published on: September 20, 2024

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Mouse Navigation Strategies for Odor Source Localization.

Annie Liu1,2, Andrew E Papale1, James Hengenius3

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mice use specific sniffing strategies, like binaral and serial sniffing, to locate food odors. Their nose movements, including casting, change with proximity to the scent source.

Keywords:
binaral-olfactionbinaral-sniffingcastingnavigationolfactionserial-sniffing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Odor-based navigation is crucial for survival in many species.
  • Mice utilize odor concentration to find food, a key ethological behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mouse navigation strategies in an odor landscape.
  • To identify behavioral changes associated with odor source localization.
  • To model mouse olfactory navigation using computational methods.

Main Methods:

  • An open field odor-based spot-finding task was employed with trained mice.
  • Behavioral changes such as orientation, velocity, and nose movements (casting) were observed.
  • A concentration-sensitive agent-based model was developed to simulate mouse behavior.

Main Results:

  • Mice exhibited source localization behaviors at distances of 10-45 cm.
  • Casting amplitude increased as mice approached the odor source.
  • The model supported binaral-sniffing and serial-sniffing strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Mouse odor navigation involves distinct strategies like binaral and serial sniffing.
  • Serial-sniffing utilizes body and head movements (casting) for spatial sampling.
  • These findings elucidate the behavioral components of olfactory-based navigation.