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Related Experiment Video

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Subunit Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses.

Ning Wang1, Jian Shang2, Shibo Jiang1,3

  • 1Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review covers emerging human coronaviruses (CoVs) like SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV. It details subunit vaccine advances for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, aiding future vaccine development against pandemic CoVs.

Keywords:
2019-nCoVMERS-CoVSARS-CoVhuman coronavirusespathogenesissubunit vaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Three emerging pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs)—SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV—pose significant global health threats.
  • These zoonotic viruses, originating in bats, have caused severe human infections with high fatality rates.
  • While SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have identified intermediate hosts, the host for 2019-nCoV is under investigation, and no vaccines are currently available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and function of key proteins in emerging human CoVs.
  • To overview current vaccine types developed against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
  • To summarize advances in subunit vaccines for these pathogenic CoVs and inform future vaccine design.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of emerging human CoVs.
  • Analysis of protein structures and functions.
  • Overview of vaccine development strategies, focusing on subunit vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Subunit vaccines are based on full-length spike (S) protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), non-RBD S protein fragments, and non-S structural proteins.
  • Potential factors influencing the efficacy of these subunit vaccines are illustrated.
  • No approved vaccines currently exist for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, or 2019-nCoV.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CoV protein structure and function is crucial for vaccine development.
  • Advances in subunit vaccines offer promising strategies against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
  • This review provides insights for developing vaccines against 2019-nCoV and future pandemic-potential CoVs.