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Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis: Friend or Foe?

Brooke L Guerrero1, Nancy L Sicotte1

  • 1Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Program, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Microglia, immune cells in the brain, have complex roles in multiple sclerosis (MS). They are involved in both damaging inflammation and crucial repair processes, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Microglia are essential for central nervous system (CNS) development, immune surveillance, and repair.
  • Their specific role in multiple sclerosis (MS) is multifaceted, implicated in both disease progression and potential recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest histological classifications of MS lesions.
  • To examine the dual roles of microglia in MS pathogenesis and repair.
  • To explore microglia as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MS.

Main Methods:

  • Histological analysis of MS lesions.
  • Review of existing scientific literature on microglia function in MS.
  • Analysis of evidence for inflammatory and reparative roles.

Main Results:

  • Recent classifications categorize MS lesions based on inflammatory activity and repair.
  • Microglia exhibit both pro-inflammatory and tissue-reparative functions in MS.
  • Evidence suggests microglia are key players in the complex MS disease course.

Conclusions:

  • Microglia are central to understanding MS pathology and progression.
  • Targeting microglial functions could offer novel therapeutic strategies for MS.
  • Microglia may serve as valuable biomarkers for monitoring MS activity and treatment response.
Keywords:
PET imagingbiomarkersdisease modifying therapymicrogliamultiple sclerosispathologyquantitative susceptibility mapping

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