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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

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Published on: June 21, 2017

A Novel Multinary Intermetallic as an Active Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution.

Zhe Jia^1,2, Tao Yang¹, Ligang Sun^3,4

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|April 9, 2020

Summary

A novel multinary high-entropy intermetallic (HEI) catalyst efficiently produces hydrogen via electrochemical water splitting. This cost-effective catalyst shows performance comparable to noble metals, offering a new path for sustainable hydrogen production.

Keywords:

electrocatalysis high-entropy intermetallics metallurgy site isolation synergistic functions

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Electrochemical water splitting is a key technology for hydrogen production.
The development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts is crucial for its application.
Noble metal catalysts are highly effective but expensive.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, high-performance, and cost-effective electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
To investigate the catalytic properties of a multinary high-entropy intermetallic (HEI) for HER in alkaline media.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a multinary high-entropy intermetallic (HEI) with a periodically ordered structure.
Electrochemical characterization of the HEI catalyst for HER, including overpotential and Tafel slope measurements.
Theoretical calculations (e.g., DFT) to understand the electronic structure and catalytic mechanism.

Main Results:

The HEI catalyst demonstrated excellent HER activity in alkaline solution with an overpotential of 88.2 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope of 40.1 mV dec⁻¹.
Performance was comparable to noble metal catalysts.
Theoretical calculations indicated synergistic effects from chemical complexity and atomic configurations, optimizing electronic structure and H* adsorption/desorption.

Conclusions:

The developed HEI catalyst offers a promising alternative to noble metal catalysts for efficient hydrogen production.
The unique L1₂-type ordered structure and synergistic effects contribute to the superior HER activity.
This HEI strategy presents a new paradigm for designing advanced electrocatalysts.