Gonadal sex and animal experimentation: Perfection vs. 3R principle?
1Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
|April 9, 2020
Summary
Ensuring experimental replicability and ethical animal use requires careful consideration. While sex differences are increasingly recognized, mandating both sexes in all studies may waste resources and violate reduction principles.
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2026-06-19T13:28:35.075589+00:00
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