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Safety of EGFR-TKIs for EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Jia-Ying Zhou1, Si-Yang Liu1, Yi-Long Wu1
1Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Abstract:
Introduction: Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. Over the past decade, the emergence of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has ushered in a new era of lung cancer treatment. Therefore, clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of these drugs are important.Areas covered: This review provides an overview on the safety of three classes of EGFR-TKIs and discusses the adverse events (AEs) and reactions reported in the literature.Expert opinion: EGFR-TKIs significantly improve progression-free survival and overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with an activating mutation of EGFR. However, EGFR-TKIs also block the EGFR-regulating pathways in the skin and gastrointestinal tract and cause AEs, including diarrhea, liver toxicity, skin disease, stomatitis, interstitial lung disease, and ocular toxicity, which have detrimental effects on quality of life and drug compliance. Clinicians should understand how to prevent and control these adverse reactions, which can often be achieved by dose reduction, discontinuation of treatment, or switching to another drug.
Insights
Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) improve survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these targeted therapies can cause adverse events affecting quality of life, requiring careful management.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Lung cancer remains a leading global malignancy.
- Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) represent a significant advancement in lung cancer treatment.
- Understanding the safety profile of EGFR-TKIs is crucial for effective clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the safety of three classes of EGFR-TKIs.
- To discuss adverse events (AEs) associated with EGFR-TKIs.
- To provide insights into managing these AEs for improved patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical trials and studies on EGFR-TKIs.
- Analysis of reported adverse events and reactions.
- Synthesis of expert opinion on safety and management.
Main Results:
- EGFR-TKIs enhance progression-free and overall survival in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.
- Common AEs include diarrhea, liver toxicity, skin conditions, stomatitis, interstitial lung disease, and ocular toxicity.
- These AEs can negatively impact patient quality of life and treatment adherence.
Conclusions:
- EGFR-TKIs are effective in treating NSCLC but associated with predictable adverse events.
- Effective management strategies, including dose modification or drug switching, are essential.
- Clinicians must be knowledgeable in preventing and controlling EGFR-TKI-related toxicities to maintain treatment compliance and quality of life.
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