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Hepatic Cystic Echinococcosis (Hydatid Cyst) in a Six Year Old

A Ali1, K M Butler1, C Brenner2

  • 1Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin 12.

Irish Medical Journal
|April 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) in children, often asymptomatic, requires considering travel history for diagnosis. Early detection and treatment, including surgery and albendazole, are crucial for managing this parasitic infection.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic parasitic disease.
  • While prevalent in some regions, CE cases in children, particularly in Ireland, warrant epidemiological review.
  • Asymptomatic liver cysts in children necessitate a thorough differential diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy 6-year-old girl presented with an asymptomatic liver cyst.
  • Diagnostic workup included positive serology for Echinococcus granulosus and suggestive radiological findings.
  • Histopathology confirmed CE due to E. granulosus.

Findings:

  • The child's infection was likely acquired during travel to continental Europe.
  • Surgical resection (liver segmentectomy) combined with pre- and post-operative albendazole treatment was effective.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering CE in pediatric liver cystic lesions.

Implications:

  • CE should be included in the differential diagnosis for children presenting with asymptomatic liver or lung cysts.
  • Eliciting a detailed travel history is critical for diagnosing CE in pediatric cases.
  • This case underscores the need for increased awareness of CE in non-endemic areas or among travelers.

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