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Forced Transdifferentiation

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

A Simplified Method for Generating Kidney Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

A Simplified Method for Generating Kidney Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 13, 2021

A Modular Differentiation System Maps Multiple Human Kidney Lineages from Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Hiraku Tsujimoto¹, Tomoko Kasahara¹, Shin-Ichi Sueta¹

¹Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.

|April 9, 2020

Summary

Researchers developed a new method to separately generate human kidney cell types from stem cells. This breakthrough aids in understanding kidney development and disease, offering potential for regenerative therapies.

Keywords:

collecting duct differentiation induced pluripotent stem cells kidney mesonephros metanephros nephrogenesis organoid single-cell analysis ureteric bud

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Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

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Author Spotlight: Optimizing iPSC Differentiation for Efficient Production to Generate Kidney Organoids

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Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions

Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions

Published on: July 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are used to generate kidney organoids.
Separate generation of metanephric nephron progenitors (NPs), mesonephric NPs, and ureteric bud (UB) cells in vitro is not fully explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a culture system for separately generating key embryonic kidney cell types from hPSCs.
To investigate the recapitulation of nephrogenic niches and subsequent differentiation.

Main Methods:

Induction of mesoderm-like cell types, including paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm, from hPSCs.
Selective differentiation protocols for metanephric NP-like and UB-like cells.
In vitro differentiation into kidney structures and in vivo vascularization.

Main Results:

Successfully generated distinct populations of metanephric NPs, mesonephric NPs, and UB cells.
Recapitulated nephrogenic niches enabling differentiation into glomeruli, renal tubules, and collecting ducts.
Achieved in vivo vascularization of differentiated kidney structures.

Conclusions:

Developed selective differentiation protocols for generating specific human embryonic kidney cell types from hPSCs.
Established a system to recapitulate nephrogenic niches for in vitro kidney development.
Provided a foundation for understanding human kidney development/disease and advancing regenerative therapies.