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Strong-field double ionization of water molecules reveals two distinct fragment momentum alignments. These alignments arise from dissociation from different dication states, with one matching theoretical predictions and the other explained by dynamic alignment.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Quantum Dynamics
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics

Background:

  • Investigating strong-field double ionization of molecules is crucial for understanding electron correlation and molecular dynamics under intense laser fields.
  • Water, a fundamental molecule, presents a complex system for studying ionization and dissociation pathways due to its structure and electron configuration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the two-body dissociation dynamics following strong-field double ionization of water molecules.
  • To analyze the alignment of fragment momenta relative to the laser polarization to understand dissociation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Experimentally studied strong-field double ionization of HOD molecules using intense laser fields.
  • Analyzed the momenta of dissociation fragments (e.g., H, D, OH+, OD+) to determine their alignment with respect to the laser polarization.
  • Utilized kinematic differences between isotopic channels (OH+/D+ vs. OD+/H+) to distinguish dissociation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Observed two distinct alignment features of fragment momenta relative to laser polarization.
  • One feature showed alignment of the H-OH axis with the laser polarization, consistent with sequential ionization models.
  • The second feature indicated alignment normal to the H-OH axis, explained by dynamic alignment due to molecular bending during ionization.

Conclusions:

  • The two observed alignment features originate from dissociation from distinct states of the water dication.
  • Dissociation from one dication state aligns with predictions of sequential strong-field tunneling ionization.
  • Dissociation from the other dication state requires invoking dynamic alignment, driven by molecular deformation during ionization.