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Nasal Function Changes at High Altitude.

Giancarlo Ottaviano1, Ennio Nardello1, Alfonso Luca Pendolino1,2

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
|April 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

High altitude exposure impacts respiratory and nasal functions. Studies show changes in peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and increased nasal inflammation, suggesting potential for monitoring high-altitude effects.

Keywords:
FEV1FVCMCTtO2 satPEFPNIFhigh altitudenasal cytologyneutrophilsspirometry

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Increasing participation in high-altitude sports necessitates understanding physiological adaptations.
  • Altitude-related changes can affect respiratory and nasal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate pulmonary and nasal functions in healthy volunteers ascending from 2000m to 3400m.
  • To assess nasal cytology and mucociliary transport time (MCTt) at varying altitudes.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements included peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), pulmonary function tests (PEF), MCTt, nasal cytology, and oxygen saturation (O2 sat).
  • Data collected at baseline (2000m), high altitude (3400m), and post-return.

Main Results:

  • Peak expiratory flow (PEF) decreased significantly at higher altitudes.
  • Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) increased, while mucociliary transport time (MCTt) increased and oxygen saturation (O2 sat) decreased.
  • Nasal cytology revealed an increase in neutrophils, indicating inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Mucociliary transport time (MCTt) may be useful for assessing nasal mucosa damage at high altitude.
  • Nasal cytology can identify hypoxia-induced nasal inflammation.
  • Further research in controlled conditions is needed to confirm findings on PNIF improvements.