Related Concept Videos
01:27C4 Pathway and CAM
48.4K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
48.4K
02:12Short-distance Transport of Resources
17.3K
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
17.3K
01:25Cell Signaling in Plants
6.1K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
6.1K
01:46The Apoplast and Symplast
53.3K
Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
53.3K
02:34Water and Mineral Acquisition
35.1K
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
35.1K
02:03Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources
26.0K
The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
26.0K
You might also read
Related Articles
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Sort by
Same journal
In This Issue.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal
Correction for Otsuki et al., Extracellular sulfatases support cartilage homeostasis by regulating BMP and FGF signaling pathways.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal
Hive mind: Microbial communities and the making of memory.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal
Targets for disease modification in schizophrenia: New findings add to evidence for the involvement of the immune complement system.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal
Correction for Wang et al., The role of reduced aerosol masking from air pollutant emission reductions in recent global warming acceleration (2013-2023).
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal
Correction for Mishra, Ecology is not yet ready for AI-and why that matters.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 24, 2025
11:09
A Simple Protocol for Mapping the Plant Root System Architecture Traits
Published on: February 10, 2023
3.5K
Identifying the pathways that control resource allocation in higher plants
1Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 dbush@colostate.edu.
Summary
No abstract available in PubMed .
More Related Videos
06:04Author Spotlight: Innovative Approaches to Understanding Plant Structure-Function Relationships for Climate-Resilient Crops
Published on: July 12, 2024
1.5K
11:27A Flexible Low Cost Hydroponic System for Assessing Plant Responses to Small Molecules in Sterile Conditions
Published on: August 25, 2018
11.2K