Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026
Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research
Published on: January 5, 2024
Scrambler therapy improves pain in neuromyelitis optica: A randomized controlled trial
Maureen A Mealy1, Sharon L Kozachik2, Lawrence J Cook2
1From the Departments of Neurology (M.A.M., R.A.S., M.L.) and Oncology (T.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing (M.A.M., S.L.K., L.T., J.K.A., M.T.N.), Baltimore, MD; Department of Pediatrics (L.J.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; and Department of Neurology (M.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. mmealy1@jhmi.edu.
Objective:
To determine whether Scrambler therapy is an effective, acceptable, and feasible treatment of persistent central neuropathic pain in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and to explore the effect of Scrambler therapy on co-occurring symptoms.
Methods:
We conducted a randomized single-blind, sham-controlled trial in patients with NMOSD who have central neuropathic pain using Scrambler therapy for 10 consecutive weekdays. Pain severity, pain interference, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were assessed at baseline, at the end of treatment, and at the 30- and 60-day follow-up.
Results:
Twenty-two patients (11 per arm) were enrolled in and completed this trial. The median baseline numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score decreased from 5.0 to 1.5 after 10 days of treatment with Scrambler therapy, whereas the median NRS score did not significantly decrease in the sham arm. Depression was also reduced in the treatment arm, and anxiety was decreased in a subset of patients who responded to treatment. These symptoms were not affected in the sham arm. The safety profiles were similar between groups.
Conclusions:
Scrambler therapy is an effective, feasible, and safe intervention for central neuropathic pain in patients with NMOSD. Decreasing pain with Scrambler therapy may additionally improve depression and anxiety.
Clinicaltrialsgov Identifier:
NCT03452176.
Classification Of Evidence:
This study provides Class II evidence that Scrambler therapy significantly reduces pain in patients with NMOSD and persistent central neuropathic pain.
